How is the energy storage of the capacitor realized, and the typical application?
A capacitor is made up of two electrodes with a dielectric material between them. Dielectric material is a kind of dielectric. When it is placed in the electric field between two parallel plates with equal opposite charges, polarized charges are generated on the surface of the medium due to polarization, so that the particles bound on the plates The charge increases accordingly, maintaining the potential difference between the plates unchanged. This is why capacitors have capacitive characteristics. The electric quantity Q stored in the capacitor is equal to the product of the capacitance C and the potential difference U between the electrodes. The capacitance is proportional to the area of the plates and the dielectric constant ε of the dielectric material, and inversely proportional to the thickness of the dielectric material (that is, the distance between the plates).
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Charging and discharging are the basic functions of a capacitor:
Charging The process of charging a capacitor (storing charge and energy) is called charging. At this time, the two plates of the capacitor are always positively charged, and the other plate is negatively charged by the same amount. Connect one pole plate of the capacitor to the positive pole of the power supply (such as a battery pack), and the other pole plate to the negative pole of the power supply, and the two pole plates are respectively charged with the same amount of different charges. After charging, there is an electric field between the two plates of the capacitor, and the charging process stores the electric energy obtained from the power supply in the capacitor.
Discharge The process in which a charged capacitor loses its charge (releases charge and energy) is called discharge. For example, connect the two poles of the capacitor with a wire, and the charges on the two poles will neutralize each other, and the capacitor will release electric charge and electric energy. After discharge, the electric field between the two plates of the capacitor disappears, and the electric energy is converted into other forms of energy.